]>
Commit | Line | Data |
---|---|---|
a74aeac6 PR |
1 | '\" -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- |
2 | .\" Copyright (C) 1998-2004 Miquel van Smoorenburg. | |
3 | .\" | |
4 | .\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify | |
5 | .\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | |
6 | .\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or | |
7 | .\" (at your option) any later version. | |
8 | .\" | |
9 | .\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
10 | .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
11 | .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
12 | .\" GNU General Public License for more details. | |
13 | .\" | |
14 | .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
15 | .\" along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software | |
16 | .\" Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA | |
17 | .\" | |
18 | .\"{{{}}} | |
19 | .\"{{{ Title | |
20 | .TH LAST,LASTB 1 "Jul 31, 2004" "" "Linux System Administrator's Manual" | |
21 | .\"}}} | |
22 | .\"{{{ Name | |
23 | .SH NAME | |
24 | last, lastb \- show listing of last logged in users | |
25 | .\"}}} | |
26 | .\"{{{ Synopsis | |
27 | .SH SYNOPSIS | |
28 | .B last | |
29 | .RB [ \-R ] | |
30 | .RB [ \-\fInum\fP ] | |
31 | .RB "[ \-\fBn\fP \fInum\fP ]" | |
32 | .RB [ \-adFiox ] | |
33 | .RB "[ \-\fBf\fP \fIfile\fP ]" | |
34 | .RB "[ \-\fBt\fP \fIYYYYMMDDHHMMSS\fP ]" | |
35 | .RI [ name... ] | |
36 | .RI [ tty... ] | |
37 | .br | |
38 | .B lastb | |
39 | .RB [ \-R ] | |
40 | .RB [ \-\fInum\fP ] | |
41 | .RB "[ \-\fBn\fP \fInum\fP ]" | |
42 | .RB "[ \-\fBf\fP \fIfile\fP ]" | |
43 | .RB [ \-adFiox ] | |
44 | .RI [ name... ] | |
45 | .RI [ tty... ] | |
46 | .\"}}} | |
47 | .\"{{{ Description | |
48 | .SH DESCRIPTION | |
49 | .B Last | |
50 | searches back through the file \fB/var/log/wtmp\fP (or the file | |
51 | designated by the \fB\-f\fP flag) and displays a list of all | |
52 | users logged in (and out) since that file was created. Names of users | |
53 | and tty's can be given, in which case \fBlast\fP will show only those entries | |
54 | matching the arguments. Names of ttys can be abbreviated, thus \fBlast | |
55 | 0\fP is the same as \fBlast tty0\fP. | |
56 | .PP | |
57 | When \fBlast\fP catches a \s-2SIGINT\s0 signal (generated by the interrupt key, | |
58 | usually control-C) or a \s-2SIGQUIT\s0 signal (generated by the quit key, | |
59 | usually control-\e), \fBlast\fP will show how far it has searched through the | |
60 | file; in the case of the \s-2SIGINT\s0 signal \fBlast\fP will then terminate. | |
61 | .PP | |
62 | The pseudo user \fBreboot\fP logs in each time the system is rebooted. | |
63 | Thus \fBlast reboot\fP will show a log of all reboots since the log file | |
64 | was created. | |
65 | .PP | |
66 | \fBLastb\fP is the same as \fBlast\fP, except that by default it shows a log | |
67 | of the file \fB/var/log/btmp\fP, which contains all the bad login attempts. | |
68 | .\"}}} | |
69 | .\"{{{ Options | |
70 | .SH OPTIONS | |
71 | .IP "\fB\-f\fP \fIfile\fP" | |
72 | Tells \fBlast\fP to use a specific file instead of \fB/var/log/wtmp\fP. | |
73 | .IP \fB\-\fP\fInum\fP | |
74 | This is a count telling \fBlast\fP how many lines to show. | |
75 | .IP "\fB\-n\fP \fInum\fP" | |
76 | The same. | |
77 | .IP "\fB\-t\fP \fIYYYYMMDDHHMMSS\fP" | |
78 | Display the state of logins as of the specified time. This is | |
79 | useful, e.g., to determine easily who was logged in at a particular | |
80 | time -- specify that time with \fB\-t\fP and look for "still logged | |
81 | in". | |
82 | .IP \fB\-R\fP | |
83 | Suppresses the display of the hostname field. | |
84 | .IP \fB\-a\fP | |
85 | Display the hostname in the last column. Useful in combination | |
86 | with the next flag. | |
87 | .IP \fB\-d\fP | |
88 | For non-local logins, Linux stores not only the host name of the remote | |
89 | host but its IP number as well. This option translates the IP number | |
90 | back into a hostname. | |
91 | .IP \fB\-F\fP | |
92 | Print full login and logout times and dates. | |
93 | .IP \fB\-i\fP | |
94 | This option is like \fB-d\fP in that it displays the IP number of the remote | |
95 | host, but it displays the IP number in numbers-and-dots notation. | |
96 | .IP \fB\-o\fP | |
97 | Read an old-type wtmp file (written by linux-libc5 applications). | |
98 | .IP \fB\-x\fP | |
99 | Display the system shutdown entries and run level changes. | |
100 | .\"}}} | |
101 | .SH NOTES | |
102 | The files \fIwtmp\fP and \fIbtmp\fP might not be found. The system only | |
103 | logs information in these files if they are present. This is a local | |
104 | configuration issue. If you want the files to be used, they can be | |
105 | created with a simple \fBtouch\fP(1) command (for example, | |
106 | \fItouch /var/log/wtmp\fP). | |
107 | .\"{{{ Files | |
108 | .SH FILES | |
109 | /var/log/wtmp | |
110 | .br | |
111 | /var/log/btmp | |
112 | .\"}}} | |
113 | .\"{{{ Author | |
114 | .SH AUTHOR | |
115 | Miquel van Smoorenburg, miquels@cistron.nl | |
116 | .\"}}} | |
117 | .\"{{{ See also | |
118 | .SH "SEE ALSO" | |
119 | .BR shutdown (8), | |
120 | .BR login (1), | |
121 | .BR init (8) | |
122 | .\"}}} |