man/last.1

   1 '\" -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
   2 .\" Copyright (C) 1998-2004 Miquel van Smoorenburg.
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  18 .\"{{{}}}
  19 .\"{{{  Title
  20 .TH LAST,LASTB 1 "Jul 31, 2004" "" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
  21 .\"}}}
  22 .\"{{{  Name
  23 .SH NAME
  24 last, lastb \- show listing of last logged in users
  25 .\"}}}
  26 .\"{{{  Synopsis
  27 .SH SYNOPSIS
  28 .B last
  29 .RB [ \-R ]
  30 .RB [ \-\fInum\fP ]
  31 .RB "[ \-\fBn\fP \fInum\fP ]"
  32 .RB [ \-adFiowx ]
  33 .RB "[ \-\fBf\fP \fIfile\fP ]"
  34 .RB "[ \-\fBt\fP \fIYYYYMMDDHHMMSS\fP ]"
  35 .RI [ name... ]
  36 .RI [ tty... ]
  37 .br
  38 .B lastb
  39 .RB [ \-R ]
  40 .RB [ \-\fInum\fP ]
  41 .RB "[ \-\fBn\fP \fInum\fP ]"
  42 .RB "[ \-\fBf\fP \fIfile\fP ]"
  43 .RB [ \-adFiowx ]
  44 .RI [ name... ]
  45 .RI [ tty... ]
  46 .\"}}}
  47 .\"{{{  Description
  48 .SH DESCRIPTION
  49 .B Last
  50 searches back through the file \fB/var/log/wtmp\fP (or the file
  51 designated by the \fB\-f\fP flag) and displays a list of all
  52 users logged in (and out) since that file was created.  Names of users
  53 and tty's can be given, in which case \fBlast\fP will show only those entries
  54 matching the arguments.  Names of ttys can be abbreviated, thus \fBlast
  55 0\fP is the same as \fBlast tty0\fP.
  56 .PP
  57 When \fBlast\fP catches a \s-2SIGINT\s0 signal (generated by the interrupt key,
  58 usually control-C) or a \s-2SIGQUIT\s0 signal (generated by the quit key,
  59 usually control-\e), \fBlast\fP will show how far it has searched through the
  60 file; in the case of the \s-2SIGINT\s0 signal \fBlast\fP will then terminate.
  61 .PP
  62 The pseudo user \fBreboot\fP logs in each time the system is rebooted.
  63 Thus \fBlast reboot\fP will show a log of all reboots since the log file
  64 was created.
  65 .PP
  66 \fBLastb\fP is the same as \fBlast\fP, except that by default it shows a log
  67 of the file \fB/var/log/btmp\fP, which contains all the bad login attempts.
  68 .\"}}}
  69 .\"{{{  Options
  70 .SH OPTIONS
  71 .IP "\fB\-f\fP \fIfile\fP"
  72 Tells \fBlast\fP to use a specific file instead of \fB/var/log/wtmp\fP.
  73 .IP \fB\-\fP\fInum\fP
  74 This is a count telling \fBlast\fP how many lines to show.
  75 .IP "\fB\-n\fP \fInum\fP"
  76 The same.
  77 .IP "\fB\-t\fP \fIYYYYMMDDHHMMSS\fP"
  78 Display the state of logins as of the specified time.  This is
  79 useful, e.g., to determine easily who was logged in at a particular
  80 time -- specify that time with \fB\-t\fP and look for "still logged
  81 in".
  82 .IP \fB\-R\fP
  83 Suppresses the display of the hostname field.
  84 .IP \fB\-a\fP
  85 Display the hostname in the last column. Useful in combination
  86 with the next flag.
  87 .IP \fB\-d\fP
  88 For non-local logins, Linux stores not only the host name of the remote
  89 host but its IP number as well. This option translates the IP number
  90 back into a hostname.
  91 .IP \fB\-F\fP
  92 Print full login and logout times and dates.
  93 .IP \fB\-i\fP
  94 This option is like \fB-d\fP in that it displays the IP number of the remote
  95 host, but it displays the IP number in numbers-and-dots notation.
  96 .IP \fB\-o\fP
  97 Read an old-type wtmp file (written by linux-libc5 applications).
  98 .IP \fB\-w\fP
  99 Display full user and domain names in the output.
 100 .IP \fB\-x\fP
 101 Display the system shutdown entries and run level changes.
 102 .\"}}}
 103 .SH NOTES
 104 The files \fIwtmp\fP and \fIbtmp\fP might not be found. The system only
 105 logs information in these files if they are present. This is a local
 106 configuration issue. If you want the files to be used, they can be
 107 created with a simple \fBtouch\fP(1) command (for example,
 108 \fItouch /var/log/wtmp\fP).
 109 .\"{{{  Files
 110 .SH FILES
 111 /var/log/wtmp
 112 .br
 113 /var/log/btmp
 114 .\"}}}
 115 .\"{{{  Author
 116 .SH AUTHOR
 117 Miquel van Smoorenburg, miquels@cistron.nl
 118 .\"}}}
 119 .\"{{{  See also
 120 .SH "SEE ALSO"
 121 .BR shutdown (8),
 122 .BR login (1),
 123 .BR init (8)
 124 .\"}}}