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22 | ]> | |
23 | <!-- | |
24 | $Id$ | |
25 | ||
26 | Copyright © 2003 Keith Packard | |
27 | ||
28 | Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its | |
29 | documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that | |
30 | the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that | |
31 | copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting | |
32 | documentation, and that the name of Keith Packard not be used in | |
33 | advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without | |
34 | specific, written prior permission. Keith Packard makes no | |
35 | representations about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It | |
36 | is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty. | |
37 | ||
38 | KEITH PACKARD DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, | |
39 | INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO | |
40 | EVENT SHALL KEITH PACKARD BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR | |
41 | CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, | |
42 | DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER | |
43 | TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR | |
44 | PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. | |
45 | --> | |
46 | <article> | |
47 | <title>Fontconfig Developers Reference, Version &version; </title> | |
48 | <artheader> | |
49 | <author> | |
50 | <firstname>Keith</firstname> | |
51 | <surname>Packard</surname> | |
52 | <affiliation><orgname> | |
53 | HP Cambridge Research Lab | |
54 | </orgname></affiliation> | |
55 | </author> | |
56 | <authorinitials>KRP</authorinitials> | |
57 | <productname>Fontconfig</productname> | |
58 | <productnumber>&version;</productnumber> | |
59 | <LegalNotice> | |
60 | <simpara> | |
61 | Copyright © 2002 Keith Packard | |
62 | </simpara><simpara> | |
63 | Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its | |
64 | documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that | |
65 | the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that | |
66 | copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting | |
67 | documentation, and that the name of Keith Packard not be used in | |
68 | advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without | |
69 | specific, written prior permission. Keith Packard makes no | |
70 | representations about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It | |
71 | is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty. | |
72 | </simpara><simpara> | |
73 | KEITH PACKARD DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, | |
74 | INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO | |
75 | EVENT SHALL KEITH PACKARD BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR | |
76 | CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, | |
77 | DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER | |
78 | TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR | |
79 | PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. | |
80 | </simpara> | |
81 | </LegalNotice> | |
82 | </artheader> | |
83 | <sect1><title>DESCRIPTION</title> | |
84 | <para> | |
85 | Fontconfig is a library designed to provide system-wide font configuration, | |
86 | customization and application access. | |
87 | </para> | |
88 | </sect1> | |
89 | <sect1><title>FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW</title> | |
90 | <para> | |
91 | Fontconfig contains two essential modules, the configuration module which | |
92 | builds an internal configuration from XML files and the matching module | |
93 | which accepts font patterns and returns the nearest matching font. | |
94 | </para> | |
95 | <sect2><title>FONT CONFIGURATION</title> | |
96 | <para> | |
97 | The configuration module consists of the FcConfig datatype, libexpat and | |
98 | FcConfigParse which walks over an XML tree and ammends a configuration with | |
99 | data found within. From an external perspective, configuration of the | |
100 | library consists of generating a valid XML tree and feeding that to | |
101 | FcConfigParse. The only other mechanism provided to applications for | |
102 | changing the running configuration is to add fonts and directories to the | |
103 | list of application-provided font files. | |
104 | </para><para> | |
105 | The intent is to make font configurations relatively static, and shared by | |
106 | as many applications as possible. It is hoped that this will lead to more | |
107 | stable font selection when passing names from one application to another. | |
108 | XML was chosen as a configuration file format because it provides a format | |
109 | which is easy for external agents to edit while retaining the correct | |
110 | structure and syntax. | |
111 | </para><para> | |
112 | Font configuration is separate from font matching; applications needing to | |
113 | do their own matching can access the available fonts from the library and | |
114 | perform private matching. The intent is to permit applications to pick and | |
115 | choose appropriate functionality from the library instead of forcing them to | |
116 | choose between this library and a private configuration mechanism. The hope | |
117 | is that this will ensure that configuration of fonts for all applications | |
118 | can be centralized in one place. Centralizing font configuration will | |
119 | simplify and regularize font installation and customization. | |
120 | </para> | |
121 | </sect2> | |
122 | <sect2> | |
123 | <title>FONT PROPERTIES</title> | |
124 | <para> | |
125 | While font patterns may contain essentially any properties, there are some | |
126 | well known properties with associated types. Fontconfig uses some of these | |
127 | properties for font matching and font completion. Others are provided as a | |
128 | convenience for the applications rendering mechanism. | |
129 | </para> | |
130 | <programlisting> | |
131 | Property Definitions | |
132 | ||
133 | Property CPP Symbol Type Description | |
134 | ---------------------------------------------------- | |
135 | family FC_FAMILY String Font family names | |
136 | familylang FC_FAMILYLANG String Language cooresponding to | |
137 | each family name | |
138 | style FC_STYLE String Font style. Overrides weight | |
139 | and slant | |
140 | stylelang FC_STYLELANG String Language cooresponding to | |
141 | each style name | |
142 | fullname FC_FULLNAME String Font face full name where | |
143 | different from family and | |
144 | family + style | |
145 | fullnamelang FC_FULLNAMELANG String Language cooresponding to | |
146 | each fullname | |
147 | slant FC_SLANT Int Italic, oblique or roman | |
148 | weight FC_WEIGHT Int Light, medium, demibold, | |
149 | bold or black | |
150 | size FC_SIZE Double Point size | |
151 | width FC_WIDTH Int Condensed, normal or expanded | |
152 | aspect FC_ASPECT Double Stretches glyphs horizontally | |
153 | before hinting | |
154 | pixelsize FC_PIXEL_SIZE Double Pixel size | |
155 | spacing FC_SPACING Int Proportional, dual-width, | |
156 | monospace or charcell | |
157 | foundry FC_FOUNDRY String Font foundry name | |
158 | antialias FC_ANTIALIAS Bool Whether glyphs can be | |
159 | antialiased | |
160 | hinting FC_HINTING Bool Whether the rasterizer should | |
161 | use hinting | |
162 | hintstyle FC_HINT_STYLE Int Automatic hinting style | |
163 | verticallayout FC_VERTICAL_LAYOUT Bool Use vertical layout | |
164 | autohint FC_AUTOHINT Bool Use autohinter instead of | |
165 | normal hinter | |
166 | globaladvance FC_GLOBAL_ADVANCE Bool Use font global advance data | |
167 | file FC_FILE String The filename holding the font | |
168 | index FC_INDEX Int The index of the font within | |
169 | the file | |
170 | ftface FC_FT_FACE FT_Face Use the specified FreeType | |
171 | face object | |
172 | rasterizer FC_RASTERIZER String Which rasterizer is in use | |
173 | outline FC_OUTLINE Bool Whether the glyphs are outlines | |
174 | scalable FC_SCALABLE Bool Whether glyphs can be scaled | |
175 | scale FC_SCALE Double Scale factor for point->pixel | |
176 | conversions | |
177 | dpi FC_DPI Double Target dots per inch | |
178 | rgba FC_RGBA Int unknown, rgb, bgr, vrgb, | |
179 | vbgr, none - subpixel geometry | |
180 | minspace FC_MINSPACE Bool Eliminate leading from line | |
181 | spacing | |
182 | charset FC_CHARSET CharSet Unicode chars encoded by | |
183 | the font | |
184 | lang FC_LANG LangSet Set of RFC-3066-style | |
185 | languages this font supports | |
186 | fontversion FC_FONTVERSION Int Version number of the font | |
187 | capability FC_CAPABILITY String List of layout capabilities in | |
188 | the font | |
189 | embolden FC_EMBOLDEN Bool Rasterizer should | |
190 | synthetically embolden the font | |
191 | </programlisting> | |
192 | </sect2> | |
193 | </sect1> | |
194 | <sect1><title>Datatypes</title> | |
195 | <para> | |
196 | Fontconfig uses abstract datatypes to hide internal implementation details | |
197 | for most data structures. A few structures are exposed where appropriate. | |
198 | </para> | |
199 | <sect2><title>FcChar8, FcChar16, FcChar32, FcBool</title> | |
200 | <para> | |
201 | These are primitive datatypes; the FcChar* types hold precisely the number | |
202 | of bits stated (if supported by the C implementation). FcBool holds | |
203 | one of two CPP symbols: FcFalse or FcTrue. | |
204 | </para> | |
205 | </sect2> | |
206 | <sect2><title>FcMatrix</title> | |
207 | <para> | |
208 | An FcMatrix holds an affine transformation, usually used to reshape glyphs. | |
209 | A small set of matrix operations are provided to manipulate these. | |
210 | <programlisting> | |
211 | typedef struct _FcMatrix { | |
212 | double xx, xy, yx, yy; | |
213 | } FcMatrix; | |
214 | </programlisting> | |
215 | </para> | |
216 | </sect2> | |
217 | <sect2><title>FcCharSet</title> | |
218 | <para> | |
219 | An FcCharSet is an abstract type that holds the set of encoded unicode chars | |
220 | in a font. Operations to build and compare these sets are provided. | |
221 | </para> | |
222 | </sect2> | |
223 | <sect2><title>FcLangSet</title> | |
224 | <para> | |
225 | An FcLangSet is an abstract type that holds the set of languages supported | |
226 | by a font. Operations to build and compare these sets are provided. These | |
227 | are computed for a font based on orthographic information built into the | |
228 | fontconfig library. Fontconfig has orthographies for all of the ISO 639-1 | |
229 | languages except for MS, NA, PA, PS, QU, RN, RW, SD, SG, SN, SU and ZA. If | |
230 | you have orthographic information for any of these languages, please submit | |
231 | them. | |
232 | </para> | |
233 | </sect2> | |
234 | <sect2><title>FcLangResult</title> | |
235 | <para> | |
236 | An FcLangResult is an enumeration used to return the results of comparing | |
237 | two language strings or FcLangSet objects. FcLangEqual means the | |
238 | objects match language and territory. FcLangDifferentTerritory means | |
239 | the objects match in language but differ in territory. | |
240 | FcLangDifferentLang means the objects differ in language. | |
241 | </para> | |
242 | </sect2> | |
243 | <sect2><title>FcType</title> | |
244 | <para> | |
245 | Tags the kind of data stored in an FcValue. | |
246 | </para> | |
247 | </sect2> | |
248 | <sect2><title>FcValue</title> | |
249 | <para> | |
250 | An FcValue object holds a single value with one of a number of different | |
251 | types. The 'type' tag indicates which member is valid. | |
252 | <programlisting> | |
253 | typedef struct _FcValue { | |
254 | FcType type; | |
255 | union { | |
256 | const FcChar8 *s; | |
257 | int i; | |
258 | FcBool b; | |
259 | double d; | |
260 | const FcMatrix *m; | |
261 | const FcCharSet *c; | |
262 | void *f; | |
263 | const FcLangSet *l; | |
264 | } u; | |
265 | } FcValue; | |
266 | </programlisting> | |
267 | <programlisting> | |
268 | FcValue Members | |
269 | ||
270 | Type Union member Datatype | |
271 | -------------------------------- | |
272 | FcTypeVoid (none) (none) | |
273 | FcTypeInteger i int | |
274 | FcTypeDouble d double | |
275 | FcTypeString s FcChar8 * | |
276 | FcTypeBool b b | |
277 | FcTypeMatrix m FcMatrix * | |
278 | FcTypeCharSet c FcCharSet * | |
279 | FcTypeFTFace f void * (FT_Face) | |
280 | FcTypeLangSet l FcLangSet * | |
281 | </programlisting> | |
282 | </para> | |
283 | </sect2> | |
284 | <sect2><title>FcPattern</title> | |
285 | <para> | |
286 | holds a set of names with associated value lists; each name refers to a | |
287 | property of a font. FcPatterns are used as inputs to the matching code as | |
288 | well as holding information about specific fonts. Each property can hold | |
289 | one or more values; conventionally all of the same type, although the | |
290 | interface doesn't demand that. | |
291 | </para> | |
292 | </sect2> | |
293 | <sect2><title>FcFontSet</title> | |
294 | <para> | |
295 | <programlisting> | |
296 | typedef struct _FcFontSet { | |
297 | int nfont; | |
298 | int sfont; | |
299 | FcPattern **fonts; | |
300 | } FcFontSet; | |
301 | </programlisting> | |
302 | An FcFontSet contains a list of FcPatterns. Internally fontconfig uses this | |
303 | data structure to hold sets of fonts. Externally, fontconfig returns the | |
304 | results of listing fonts in this format. 'nfont' holds the number of | |
305 | patterns in the 'fonts' array; 'sfont' is used to indicate the size of that | |
306 | array. | |
307 | </para> | |
308 | </sect2> | |
309 | <sect2><title>FcStrSet, FcStrList</title> | |
310 | <para> | |
311 | FcStrSet holds a list of strings that can be appended to and enumerated. | |
312 | Its unique characteristic is that the enumeration works even while strings | |
313 | are appended during enumeration. FcStrList is used during enumeration to | |
314 | safely and correctly walk the list of strings even while that list is edited | |
315 | in the middle of enumeration. | |
316 | </para> | |
317 | </sect2> | |
318 | <sect2><title>FcObjectSet</title> | |
319 | <para> | |
320 | <programlisting> | |
321 | typedef struct _FcObjectSet { | |
322 | int nobject; | |
323 | int sobject; | |
324 | const char **objects; | |
325 | } FcObjectSet; | |
326 | </programlisting> | |
327 | holds a set of names and is used to specify which fields from fonts are | |
328 | placed in the the list of returned patterns when listing fonts. | |
329 | </para> | |
330 | </sect2> | |
331 | <sect2><title>FcObjectType</title> | |
332 | <para> | |
333 | <programlisting> | |
334 | typedef struct _FcObjectType { | |
335 | const char *object; | |
336 | FcType type; | |
337 | } FcObjectType; | |
338 | </programlisting> | |
339 | marks the type of a pattern element generated when parsing font names. | |
340 | Applications can add new object types so that font names may contain the new | |
341 | elements. | |
342 | </para> | |
343 | </sect2> | |
344 | <sect2><title>FcConstant</title> | |
345 | <para> | |
346 | <programlisting> | |
347 | typedef struct _FcConstant { | |
348 | const FcChar8 *name; | |
349 | const char *object; | |
350 | int value; | |
351 | } FcConstant; | |
352 | </programlisting> | |
353 | Provides for symbolic constants for new pattern elements. When 'name' is | |
354 | seen in a font name, an 'object' element is created with value 'value'. | |
355 | </para> | |
356 | </sect2> | |
357 | <sect2><title>FcBlanks</title> | |
358 | <para> | |
359 | holds a list of Unicode chars which are expected to be blank; unexpectedly | |
360 | blank chars are assumed to be invalid and are elided from the charset | |
361 | associated with the font. | |
362 | </para> | |
363 | </sect2> | |
364 | <sect2><title>FcFileCache</title> | |
365 | <para> | |
366 | holds the per-user cache information for use while loading the font | |
367 | database. This is built automatically for the current configuration when | |
368 | that is loaded. Applications must always pass '0' when one is requested. | |
369 | </para> | |
370 | </sect2> | |
371 | <sect2><title>FcConfig</title> | |
372 | <para> | |
373 | holds a complete configuration of the library; there is one default | |
374 | configuration, other can be constructed from XML data structures. All | |
375 | public entry points that need global data can take an optional FcConfig* | |
376 | argument; passing 0 uses the default configuration. FcConfig objects hold two | |
377 | sets of fonts, the first contains those specified by the configuration, the | |
378 | second set holds those added by the application at run-time. Interfaces | |
379 | that need to reference a particulat set use one of the FcSetName enumerated | |
380 | values. | |
381 | </para> | |
382 | </sect2> | |
383 | <sect2><title>FcSetName</title> | |
384 | <para> | |
385 | Specifies one of the two sets of fonts available in a configuration; | |
386 | FcSetSystem for those fonts specified in the configuration and | |
387 | FcSetApplication which holds fonts provided by the application. | |
388 | </para> | |
389 | </sect2> | |
390 | <sect2><title>FcResult</title> | |
391 | <para> | |
392 | Used as a return type for functions manipulating FcPattern objects. | |
393 | <programlisting> | |
394 | FcResult Values | |
395 | Result Code Meaning | |
396 | ----------------------------------------------------------- | |
397 | FcResultMatch Object exists with the specified ID | |
398 | FcResultNoMatch Object doesn't exist at all | |
399 | FcResultTypeMismatch Object exists, but the type doesn't match | |
400 | FcResultNoId Object exists, but has fewer values | |
401 | than specified | |
402 | FcResultOutOfMemory Malloc failed | |
403 | </programlisting> | |
404 | </para> | |
405 | </sect2> | |
406 | <sect2><title>FcAtomic</title> | |
407 | <para> | |
408 | Used for locking access to config files. Provides a safe way to update | |
409 | configuration files. | |
410 | </para> | |
411 | </sect2> | |
412 | <sect2><title>FcCache</title> | |
413 | <para> | |
414 | Holds information about the fonts contained in a single directory. Normal | |
415 | applications need not worry about this as caches for font access are | |
416 | automatically managed by the library. Applications dealing with cache | |
417 | management may want to use some of these objects in their work, however the | |
418 | included 'fc-cache' program generally suffices for all of that. | |
419 | </para> | |
420 | </sect2> | |
421 | </sect1> | |
422 | <sect1><title>FUNCTIONS</title> | |
423 | <para> | |
424 | These are grouped by functionality, often using the main datatype being | |
425 | manipulated. | |
426 | </para> | |
427 | <sect2><title>Initialization</title> | |
428 | <para> | |
429 | These functions provide some control over how the library is initialized. | |
430 | </para> | |
431 | &fcinit; | |
432 | </sect2> | |
433 | <sect2><title>FcPattern</title> | |
434 | <para> | |
435 | An FcPattern is an opaque type that holds both patterns to match against the | |
436 | available fonts, as well as the information about each font. | |
437 | </para> | |
438 | &fcpattern; | |
439 | </sect2> | |
440 | <sect2><title>FcFontSet</title> | |
441 | <para> | |
442 | An FcFontSet simply holds a list of patterns; these are used to return the | |
443 | results of listing available fonts. | |
444 | </para> | |
445 | &fcfontset; | |
446 | </sect2> | |
447 | <sect2><title>FcObjectSet</title> | |
448 | <para> | |
449 | An FcObjectSet holds a list of pattern property names; it is used to | |
450 | indiciate which properties are to be returned in the patterns from | |
451 | FcFontList. | |
452 | </para> | |
453 | &fcobjectset; | |
454 | </sect2> | |
455 | <sect2><title>FreeType specific functions</title> | |
456 | <para> | |
457 | While the fontconfig library doesn't insist that FreeType be used as the | |
458 | rasterization mechanism for fonts, it does provide some convenience | |
459 | functions. | |
460 | </para> | |
461 | &fcfreetype; | |
462 | </sect2> | |
463 | <sect2><title>FcValue</title> | |
464 | <para> | |
465 | FcValue is a structure containing a type tag and a union of all possible | |
466 | datatypes. The tag is an enum of type | |
467 | <emphasis>FcType</emphasis> | |
468 | and is intended to provide a measure of run-time | |
469 | typechecking, although that depends on careful programming. | |
470 | </para> | |
471 | &fcvalue; | |
472 | </sect2> | |
473 | <sect2><title>FcCharSet</title> | |
474 | <para> | |
475 | An FcCharSet is a boolean array indicating a set of unicode chars. Those | |
476 | associated with a font are marked constant and cannot be edited. | |
477 | FcCharSets may be reference counted internally to reduce memory consumption; | |
478 | this may be visible to applications as the result of FcCharSetCopy may | |
479 | return it's argument, and that CharSet may remain unmodifiable. | |
480 | </para> | |
481 | &fccharset; | |
482 | </sect2> | |
483 | <sect2><title>FcLangSet</title> | |
484 | <para> | |
485 | An FcLangSet is a set of language names (each of which include language and | |
486 | an optional territory). They are used when selecting fonts to indicate which | |
487 | languages the fonts need to support. Each font is marked, using language | |
488 | orthography information built into fontconfig, with the set of supported | |
489 | languages. | |
490 | </para> | |
491 | &fclangset; | |
492 | </sect2> | |
493 | <sect2><title>FcMatrix</title> | |
494 | <para> | |
495 | FcMatrix structures hold an affine transformation in matrix form. | |
496 | </para> | |
497 | &fcmatrix; | |
498 | </sect2> | |
499 | <sect2><title>FcConfig</title> | |
500 | <para> | |
501 | An FcConfig object holds the internal representation of a configuration. | |
502 | There is a default configuration which applications may use by passing 0 to | |
503 | any function using the data within an FcConfig. | |
504 | </para> | |
505 | &fcconfig; | |
506 | </sect2> | |
507 | <sect2><title>FcObjectType</title> | |
508 | <para> | |
509 | Provides for applcation-specified font name object types so that new | |
510 | pattern elements can be generated from font names. | |
511 | </para> | |
512 | &fcobjecttype; | |
513 | </sect2> | |
514 | <sect2><title>FcConstant</title> | |
515 | <para> | |
516 | Provides for application-specified symbolic constants for font names. | |
517 | </para> | |
518 | &fcconstant; | |
519 | </sect2> | |
520 | <sect2><title>FcBlanks</title> | |
521 | <para> | |
522 | An FcBlanks object holds a list of Unicode chars which are expected to | |
523 | be blank when drawn. When scanning new fonts, any glyphs which are | |
524 | empty and not in this list will be assumed to be broken and not placed in | |
525 | the FcCharSet associated with the font. This provides a significantly more | |
526 | accurate CharSet for applications. | |
527 | </para> | |
528 | &fcblanks; | |
529 | </sect2> | |
530 | <sect2><title>FcAtomic</title> | |
531 | <para> | |
532 | These functions provide a safe way to update config files, allowing ongoing | |
533 | reading of the old config file while locked for writing and ensuring that a | |
534 | consistent and complete version of the config file is always available. | |
535 | </para> | |
536 | &fcatomic; | |
537 | </sect2> | |
538 | <sect2><title>File and Directory routines</title> | |
539 | <para> | |
540 | These routines work with font files and directories, including font | |
541 | directory cache files. | |
542 | </para> | |
543 | &fcfile; | |
544 | &fcdircache; | |
545 | </sect2> | |
546 | <sect2><title>FcCache routines</title> | |
547 | <para> | |
548 | These routines work with font directory caches, accessing their contents in | |
549 | limited ways. It is not expected that normal applications will need to use | |
550 | these functions. | |
551 | </para> | |
552 | &fccache; | |
553 | </sect2> | |
554 | <sect2><title>FcStrSet and FcStrList</title> | |
555 | <para> | |
556 | A data structure for enumerating strings, used to list directories while | |
557 | scanning the configuration as directories are added while scanning. | |
558 | </para> | |
559 | &fcstrset; | |
560 | </sect2> | |
561 | <sect2><title>String utilities</title> | |
562 | <para> | |
563 | Fontconfig manipulates many UTF-8 strings represented with the FcChar8 type. | |
564 | These functions are exposed to help applications deal with these UTF-8 | |
565 | strings in a locale-insensitive manner. | |
566 | </para> | |
567 | &fcstring; | |
568 | </sect2> | |
569 | </sect1> | |
570 | </article> |