2 * Ported to Linux's Second Extended File System as part of the
3 * dump and restore backup suit
4 * Remy Card <card@Linux.EU.Org>, 1994-1997
5 * Stelian Pop <pop@noos.fr>, 1999-2000
6 * Stelian Pop <pop@noos.fr> - AlcĂ´ve <www.alcove.fr>, 2000
10 * Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994
11 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
13 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
14 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
16 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
17 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
18 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
19 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
20 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
21 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
22 * must display the following acknowledgement:
23 * This product includes software developed by the University of
24 * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
25 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
26 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
27 * without specific prior written permission.
29 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
30 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
31 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
32 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
33 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
34 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
35 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
36 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
37 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
38 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
43 static const char rcsid[] =
44 "$Id: main.c,v 1.36 2001/03/20 09:14:58 stelian Exp $";
49 #include <compaterr.h>
58 #include <sys/param.h>
61 #include <linux/ext2_fs.h>
62 #include <ext2fs/ext2fs.h>
65 #include <bsdcompat.h>
67 #include <sys/vnode.h>
69 #include <ufs/inode.h>
72 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
73 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
76 #include <protocols/dumprestore.h>
79 #include "pathnames.h"
83 #define SBOFF (SBLOCK * DEV_BSIZE)
86 int notify = 0; /* notify operator flag */
87 int blockswritten = 0; /* number of blocks written on current tape */
88 int tapeno = 0; /* current tape number */
89 int density = 0; /* density in bytes/0.1" " <- this is for hilit19 */
90 int ntrec = NTREC; /* # tape blocks in each tape record */
91 int cartridge = 0; /* Assume non-cartridge tape */
92 int dokerberos = 0; /* Use Kerberos authentication */
93 long dev_bsize = 1; /* recalculated below */
94 long blocksperfile; /* output blocks per file */
95 char *host = NULL; /* remote host (if any) */
96 int sizest = 0; /* return size estimate only */
97 int compressed = 0; /* use zlib to compress the output */
98 long long bytes_written = 0; /* total bytes written */
99 long uncomprblks = 0;/* uncompressed blocks written */
105 int maxbsize = 64*1024; /* XXX MAXBSIZE from sys/param.h */
106 static long numarg __P((const char *, long, long));
107 static void obsolete __P((int *, char **[]));
108 static void usage __P((void));
110 ino_t iexclude_list[IEXCLUDE_MAXNUM]; /* the inode exclude list */
111 int iexclude_num = 0; /* number of elements in the list */
114 main(int argc, char *argv[])
118 register struct dinode *dp;
119 register struct fstab *dt;
122 int i, anydirskipped, bflag = 0, Tflag = 0, honorlevel = 1;
126 char directory[MAXPATHLEN];
127 char pathname[MAXPATHLEN];
132 spcl.c_label[0] = '\0';
133 spcl.c_date = time(NULL);
136 __progname = argv[0];
138 initialize_ext2_error_table();
141 tsize = 0; /* Default later, based on 'c' option for cart tapes */
144 if ((tapeprefix = getenv("TAPE")) == NULL)
145 tapeprefix = _PATH_DEFTAPE;
146 dumpdates = _PATH_DUMPDATES;
147 if (TP_BSIZE / DEV_BSIZE == 0 || TP_BSIZE % DEV_BSIZE != 0)
148 quit("TP_BSIZE must be a multiple of DEV_BSIZE\n");
154 obsolete(&argc, &argv);
156 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
157 "0123456789aB:b:cd:e:f:F:h:L:"
169 case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
170 case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
174 case 'a': /* `auto-size', Write to EOM. */
178 case 'B': /* blocks per output file */
180 blocksperfile = numarg("number of blocks per file",
184 case 'b': /* blocks per tape write */
185 ntrec = numarg("number of blocks per write",
187 if (ntrec > maxbsize/1024) {
188 msg("Please choose a blocksize <= %dKB\n",
195 case 'c': /* Tape is cart. not 9-track */
200 case 'd': /* density, in bits per inch */
202 density = numarg("density", 10L, 327670L) / 10;
203 if (density >= 625 && !bflag)
204 ntrec = HIGHDENSITYTREC;
208 case 'e': /* exclude an inode */
209 if (iexclude_num == IEXCLUDE_MAXNUM) {
210 (void)fprintf(stderr, "Too many -e options\n");
213 iexclude_list[iexclude_num++] = numarg("inode to exclude",0L,0L);
214 if (iexclude_list[iexclude_num-1] <= ROOTINO) {
215 (void)fprintf(stderr, "Cannot exclude inode %ld\n", (long)iexclude_list[iexclude_num-1]);
218 msg("Added %d to exclude list\n",
219 iexclude_list[iexclude_num-1]);
222 case 'f': /* output file */
226 case 'F': /* end of tape script */
231 honorlevel = numarg("honor level", 0L, 10L);
242 * Note that although there are LBLSIZE characters,
243 * the last must be '\0', so the limit on strlen()
244 * is really LBLSIZE-1.
246 strncpy(spcl.c_label, optarg, LBLSIZE);
247 spcl.c_label[LBLSIZE-1] = '\0';
248 if (strlen(optarg) > LBLSIZE-1) {
250 "WARNING Label `%s' is larger than limit of %d characters.\n",
252 msg("WARNING: Using truncated label `%s'.\n",
257 case 'M': /* multi-volume flag */
261 case 'n': /* notify operators */
265 case 's': /* tape size, feet */
267 tsize = numarg("tape size", 1L, 0L) * 12 * 10;
271 sizest = 1; /* return size estimate only */
274 case 'T': /* time of last dump */
275 spcl.c_ddate = unctime(optarg);
276 if (spcl.c_ddate < 0) {
277 (void)fprintf(stderr, "bad time \"%s\"\n",
285 case 'u': /* update dumpdates */
289 case 'W': /* what to do */
292 exit(X_FINOK); /* do nothing else */
297 #endif /* HAVE_ZLIB */
306 (void)fprintf(stderr, "Must specify disk or filesystem\n");
310 if (strlen(diskparam) >= MAXPATHLEN) {
311 (void)fprintf(stderr, "Disk or filesystem name too long: %s\n",
317 (void)fprintf(stderr, "Unknown arguments to dump:");
319 (void)fprintf(stderr, " %s", *argv++);
320 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
323 if (Tflag && uflag) {
324 (void)fprintf(stderr,
325 "You cannot use the T and u flags together.\n");
328 if (strcmp(tapeprefix, "-") == 0) {
330 tapeprefix = "standard output";
334 blocksperfile = blocksperfile / ntrec * ntrec; /* round down */
335 else if (!unlimited) {
337 * Determine how to default tape size and density
340 * 9-track 1600 bpi (160 bytes/.1") 2300 ft.
341 * 9-track 6250 bpi (625 bytes/.1") 2300 ft.
342 * cartridge 8000 bpi (100 bytes/.1") 1700 ft.
344 * hilit19 hits again: "
347 density = cartridge ? 100 : 160;
349 tsize = cartridge ? 1700L*120L : 2300L*120L;
352 if (strchr(tapeprefix, ':')) {
354 tapeprefix = strchr(host, ':');
355 *tapeprefix++ = '\0';
357 if (index(tapeprefix, '\n')) {
358 (void)fprintf(stderr, "invalid characters in tape\n");
361 if (rmthost(host) == 0)
364 (void)fprintf(stderr, "remote dump not enabled\n");
368 (void)setuid(getuid()); /* rmthost() is the only reason to be setuid */
370 if (signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
372 if (signal(SIGTRAP, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
373 signal(SIGTRAP, sig);
374 if (signal(SIGFPE, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
376 if (signal(SIGBUS, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
378 if (signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
379 signal(SIGSEGV, sig);
380 if (signal(SIGTERM, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
381 signal(SIGTERM, sig);
382 if (signal(SIGINT, interrupt) == SIG_IGN)
383 signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
384 set_operators(); /* /etc/group snarfed */
385 getfstab(); /* /etc/fstab snarfed */
388 * disk may end in / and this can confuse
391 i = strlen(diskparam) - 1;
392 if (i > 1 && diskparam[i] == '/')
395 disk = get_device_name(diskparam);
396 if (!disk) { /* null means the disk is some form
397 of LABEL= or UID= but it was not
399 msg("Cannot find a disk having %s\n", diskparam);
403 * disk can be either the full special file name,
404 * the suffix of the special file name,
405 * the special name missing the leading '/',
406 * the file system name with or without the leading '/'.
408 if ((dt = fstabsearch(disk)) != NULL) {
409 disk = rawname(dt->fs_spec);
410 (void)strncpy(spcl.c_dev, dt->fs_spec, NAMELEN);
411 (void)strncpy(spcl.c_filesys, dt->fs_file, NAMELEN);
415 if (realpath(disk, pathname) == NULL)
417 strcpy(pathname, disk);
419 * The argument could be now a mountpoint of
420 * a filesystem specified in fstab. Search for it.
422 if ((dt = fstabsearch(pathname)) != NULL) {
423 disk = rawname(dt->fs_spec);
424 (void)strncpy(spcl.c_dev, dt->fs_spec, NAMELEN);
425 (void)strncpy(spcl.c_filesys, dt->fs_file, NAMELEN);
428 * The argument was not found in the fstab
429 * assume that this is a subtree and search for it
431 dt = fstabsearchdir(pathname, directory);
433 char name[MAXPATHLEN];
434 (void)strncpy(spcl.c_dev, dt->fs_spec, NAMELEN);
435 (void)snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s (dir %s)",
436 dt->fs_file, directory);
437 (void)strncpy(spcl.c_filesys, name, NAMELEN);
438 disk = rawname(dt->fs_spec);
440 (void)strncpy(spcl.c_dev, disk, NAMELEN);
441 (void)strncpy(spcl.c_filesys, "an unlisted file system",
446 (void)strncpy(spcl.c_dev, disk, NAMELEN);
447 (void)strncpy(spcl.c_filesys, "an unlisted file system",
452 if (directory[0] != 0) {
454 (void)fprintf(stderr, "Only level 0 dumps are allowed on a subdirectory\n");
458 (void)fprintf(stderr, "You can't update the dumpdates file when dumping a subdirectory\n");
462 spcl.c_dev[NAMELEN-1] = '\0';
463 spcl.c_filesys[NAMELEN-1] = '\0';
464 (void)gethostname(spcl.c_host, NAMELEN);
465 spcl.c_host[NAMELEN-1] = '\0';
466 spcl.c_level = level - '0';
467 spcl.c_type = TS_TAPE;
469 getdumptime(uflag); /* dumpdates snarfed */
471 if (spcl.c_ddate == 0 && spcl.c_level) {
472 msg("WARNING: There is no inferior level dump on this filesystem\n");
473 msg("WARNING: Assuming a level 0 dump by default\n");
479 snprintf(tape, MAXPATHLEN, "%s%03d", tapeprefix, tapeno + 1);
481 strncpy(tape, tapeprefix, MAXPATHLEN);
482 tape[MAXPATHLEN - 1] = '\0';
486 msg("Date of this level %c dump: %s", level,
487 ctime4(&spcl.c_date));
489 msg("Date of last level %c dump: %s", lastlevel,
490 ctime4(&spcl.c_ddate));
491 msg("Dumping %s (%s) ", disk, spcl.c_filesys);
493 msgtail("to %s on host %s\n", tape, host);
495 msgtail("to %s\n", tape);
496 } /* end of size estimate */
499 retval = dump_fs_open(disk, &fs);
501 com_err(disk, retval, "while opening filesystem");
502 if (retval == EXT2_ET_REV_TOO_HIGH)
503 printf ("Get a newer version of dump!\n");
506 if (fs->super->s_rev_level > DUMP_CURRENT_REV) {
507 com_err(disk, retval, "while opening filesystem");
508 printf ("Get a newer version of dump!\n");
511 if ((diskfd = open(disk, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
512 msg("Cannot open %s\n", disk);
515 /* if no user label specified, use ext2 filesystem label if available */
516 if (spcl.c_label[0] == '\0') {
518 if ( (lbl = get_device_label(disk)) != NULL) {
519 strncpy(spcl.c_label, lbl, LBLSIZE);
520 spcl.c_label[LBLSIZE-1] = '\0';
523 strcpy(spcl.c_label, "none"); /* safe strcpy. */
526 dev_bsize = DEV_BSIZE;
527 dev_bshift = ffs(dev_bsize) - 1;
528 if (dev_bsize != (1 << dev_bshift))
529 quit("dev_bsize (%d) is not a power of 2", dev_bsize);
530 tp_bshift = ffs(TP_BSIZE) - 1;
531 if (TP_BSIZE != (1 << tp_bshift))
532 quit("TP_BSIZE (%d) is not a power of 2", TP_BSIZE);
533 maxino = fs->super->s_inodes_count;
535 spcl.c_flags |= DR_NEWINODEFMT;
537 #else /* __linux __*/
538 if ((diskfd = open(disk, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
539 msg("Cannot open %s\n", disk);
543 sblock = (struct fs *)sblock_buf;
544 bread(SBOFF, (char *) sblock, SBSIZE);
545 if (sblock->fs_magic != FS_MAGIC)
546 quit("bad sblock magic number\n");
547 dev_bsize = sblock->fs_fsize / fsbtodb(sblock, 1);
548 dev_bshift = ffs(dev_bsize) - 1;
549 if (dev_bsize != (1 << dev_bshift))
550 quit("dev_bsize (%d) is not a power of 2", dev_bsize);
551 tp_bshift = ffs(TP_BSIZE) - 1;
552 if (TP_BSIZE != (1 << tp_bshift))
553 quit("TP_BSIZE (%d) is not a power of 2", TP_BSIZE);
555 if (sblock->fs_inodefmt >= FS_44INODEFMT)
556 spcl.c_flags |= DR_NEWINODEFMT;
558 maxino = sblock->fs_ipg * sblock->fs_ncg;
559 #endif /* __linux__ */
560 mapsize = roundup(howmany(maxino, NBBY), TP_BSIZE);
561 usedinomap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
562 dumpdirmap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
563 dumpinomap = (char *)calloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
564 if (usedinomap == NULL || dumpdirmap == NULL || dumpinomap == NULL)
565 quit("out of memory allocating inode maps\n");
566 tapesize = 2 * (howmany(mapsize * sizeof(char), TP_BSIZE) + 1);
568 nonodump = spcl.c_level < honorlevel;
570 msg("Label: %s\n", spcl.c_label);
573 (void)signal(SIGINFO, statussig);
577 msg("mapping (Pass I) [regular files]\n");
579 if (directory[0] == 0)
580 anydirskipped = mapfiles(maxino, &tapesize);
582 anydirskipped = mapfilesfromdir(maxino, &tapesize, directory);
584 anydirskipped = mapfiles(maxino, &tapesize);
588 msg("mapping (Pass II) [directories]\n");
589 while (anydirskipped) {
590 anydirskipped = mapdirs(maxino, &tapesize);
594 printf("%.0f\n", ((double)tapesize + 11) * TP_BSIZE);
596 } /* stop here for size estimate */
598 if (pipeout || unlimited) {
599 tapesize += 11; /* 10 trailer blocks + 1 map header */
600 msg("estimated %ld tape blocks.\n", tapesize);
605 fetapes = (double) tapesize / blocksperfile;
606 else if (cartridge) {
607 /* Estimate number of tapes, assuming streaming stops at
608 the end of each block written, and not in mid-block.
609 Assume no erroneous blocks; this can be compensated
610 for with an artificially low tape size. */
612 ( (double) tapesize /* blocks */
613 * TP_BSIZE /* bytes/block */
614 * (1.0/density) /* 0.1" / byte " */
616 (double) tapesize /* blocks */
617 * (1.0/ntrec) /* streaming-stops per block */
618 * 15.48 /* 0.1" / streaming-stop " */
619 ) * (1.0 / tsize ); /* tape / 0.1" " */
621 /* Estimate number of tapes, for old fashioned 9-track
623 int tenthsperirg = (density == 625) ? 3 : 7;
625 ( (double) tapesize /* blocks */
626 * TP_BSIZE /* bytes / block */
627 * (1.0/density) /* 0.1" / byte " */
629 (double) tapesize /* blocks */
630 * (1.0/ntrec) /* IRG's / block */
631 * tenthsperirg /* 0.1" / IRG " */
632 ) * (1.0 / tsize ); /* tape / 0.1" " */
634 etapes = fetapes; /* truncating assignment */
636 /* count the dumped inodes map on each additional tape */
637 tapesize += (etapes - 1) *
638 (howmany(mapsize * sizeof(char), TP_BSIZE) + 1);
639 tapesize += etapes + 10; /* headers + 10 trailer blks */
640 msg("estimated %ld tape blocks on %3.2f tape(s).\n",
645 * Allocate tape buffer.
649 "can't allocate tape buffers - try a smaller blocking factor.\n");
652 tstart_writing = time(NULL);
653 dumpmap(usedinomap, TS_CLRI, maxino - 1);
655 msg("dumping (Pass III) [directories]\n");
656 dirty = 0; /* XXX just to get gcc to shut up */
657 for (map = dumpdirmap, ino = 1; ino < maxino; ino++) {
658 if (((ino - 1) % NBBY) == 0) /* map is offset by 1 */
662 if ((dirty & 1) == 0)
665 * Skip directory inodes deleted and maybe reallocated
668 if ((dp->di_mode & IFMT) != IFDIR)
672 * Skip directory inodes deleted and not yes reallocated...
674 if (dp->di_nlink == 0 || dp->di_dtime != 0)
676 (void)dumpdirino(dp, ino);
678 (void)dumpino(dp, ino);
682 msg("dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]\n");
683 for (map = dumpinomap, ino = 1; ino < maxino; ino++) {
684 if (((ino - 1) % NBBY) == 0) /* map is offset by 1 */
688 if ((dirty & 1) == 0)
691 * Skip inodes deleted and reallocated as directories.
694 if ((dp->di_mode & IFMT) == IFDIR)
698 * No need to check here for deleted and not yes reallocated inodes
699 * since this is done in dumpino().
702 (void)dumpino(dp, ino);
705 tend_writing = time(NULL);
706 spcl.c_type = TS_END;
707 for (i = 0; i < ntrec; i++)
708 writeheader(maxino - 1);
713 msg("%ld tape blocks (%.2fMB)\n", spcl.c_tapea,
714 ((double)spcl.c_tapea * TP_BSIZE / 1048576));
716 msg("%ld tape blocks (%.2fMB) on %d volume(s)\n",
718 ((double)spcl.c_tapea * TP_BSIZE / 1048576),
721 /* report dump performance, avoid division through zero */
722 if (tend_writing - tstart_writing == 0)
723 msg("finished in less than a second\n");
725 msg("finished in %d seconds, throughput %d KBytes/sec\n",
726 tend_writing - tstart_writing,
727 spcl.c_tapea / (tend_writing - tstart_writing));
730 msg("Date of this level %c dump: %s", level,
731 spcl.c_date == 0 ? "the epoch\n" : ctime4(&spcl.c_date));
732 msg("Date this dump completed: %s", ctime(&tnow));
734 msg("Average transfer rate: %ld KB/s\n", xferrate / tapeno);
736 long tapekb = bytes_written / 1024;
737 double rate = .0005 + (double) spcl.c_tapea / tapekb;
738 msg("Wrote %ldKB uncompressed, %ldKB compressed,"
739 " compression ratio %1.3f\n",
740 spcl.c_tapea, tapekb, rate);
743 broadcast("DUMP IS DONE!\7\7\n");
744 msg("DUMP IS DONE\n");
747 return 0; /* gcc - shut up */
753 char white[MAXPATHLEN];
754 const char *ext2ver, *ext2date;
756 memset(white, ' ', MAXPATHLEN);
757 white[MIN(strlen(__progname), MAXPATHLEN - 1)] = '\0';
760 ext2fs_get_library_version(&ext2ver, &ext2date);
761 fprintf(stderr, "%s %s (using libext2fs %s of %s)\n",
762 __progname, _DUMP_VERSION, ext2ver, ext2date);
764 fprintf(stderr, "%s %s\n", __progname, _DUMP_VERSION);
767 "usage:\t%s [-0123456789ac"
775 "] [-B records] [-b blocksize] [-d density]\n"
776 "\t%s [-e inode#] [-f file] [-h level] [-s feet] [-T date] filesystem\n"
777 "\t%s [-W | -w]\n", __progname, white, __progname);
782 * Pick up a numeric argument. It must be nonnegative and in the given
783 * range (except that a vmax of 0 means unlimited).
786 numarg(const char *meaning, long vmin, long vmax)
791 val = strtol(optarg, &p, 10);
793 errx(X_STARTUP, "illegal %s -- %s", meaning, optarg);
794 if (val < vmin || (vmax && val > vmax))
795 errx(X_STARTUP, "%s must be between %ld and %ld", meaning, vmin, vmax);
810 quit("Signal on pipe: cannot recover\n");
811 msg("Rewriting attempted as response to unknown signal.\n");
812 (void)fflush(stderr);
813 (void)fflush(stdout);
818 msg("SIGSEGV: ABORTING!\n");
819 (void)signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_DFL);
820 (void)kill(0, SIGSEGV);
826 rawname(const char *cp)
830 #else /* __linux__ */
831 static char rawbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
832 char *dp = strrchr(cp, '/');
836 (void)strncpy(rawbuf, cp, min(dp-cp, MAXPATHLEN - 1));
837 rawbuf[min(dp-cp, MAXPATHLEN-1)] = '\0';
838 (void)strncat(rawbuf, "/r", MAXPATHLEN - 1 - strlen(rawbuf));
839 (void)strncat(rawbuf, dp + 1, MAXPATHLEN - 1 - strlen(rawbuf));
841 #endif /* __linux__ */
846 * Change set of key letters and ordered arguments into something
847 * getopt(3) will like.
850 obsolete(int *argcp, char **argvp[])
853 char *ap, **argv, *flagsp=NULL, **nargv, *p=NULL;
859 /* Return if no arguments or first argument has leading dash. */
861 if (argc == 1 || *ap == '-')
864 /* Allocate space for new arguments. */
865 if ((*argvp = nargv = malloc((argc + 1) * sizeof(char *))) == NULL ||
866 (p = flagsp = malloc(strlen(ap) + 2)) == NULL)
867 err(X_STARTUP, "malloc new args");
872 for (flags = 0; *ap; ++ap) {
885 warnx("option requires an argument -- %c", *ap);
888 if ((nargv[0] = malloc(strlen(*argv) + 2 + 1)) == NULL)
889 err(X_STARTUP, "malloc arg");
892 (void)strcpy(&nargv[0][2], *argv);
906 /* Terminate flags. */
912 /* Copy remaining arguments. */
913 while ((*nargv++ = *argv++));
915 /* Update argument count. */
916 *argcp = nargv - *argvp - 1;